Contribution à l'étude du péril fécal parasitaire des chiens dans le milieu urbain de la commune de Guelma

Abstract

This study, conducted in the city of Guelma, aims to assess the level of fecal parasitic contamination in urban areas, to analyze the health risks related to the transmission of parasites from dogs to humans, and to estimate the parasitic load in fecal samples. The study was carried out in 28 urban districts, 20 of which were identified as contaminated by dog feces, through two sampling campaigns conducted in March and April 2025. A total of 47 fecal samples were collected from frequented public places (squares, sidewalks, school surroundings, gardens...) and then analyzed in the laboratory using three techniques: direct examination, simple flotation method, and the McMaster method. The results revealed a very high positivity rate, with 44 out of 47 samples testing positive, representing 93.61%, compared to only 3 negatives (6.38%). This high prevalence reflects an alarming and persistent fecal parasitic hazard in the urban environment of Guelma. A total of 14 parasitic species were identified, with the most frequent being Toxocara canis (15.38%), Echinococcus granulosus (14.42%), Isospora rivolta (14.42%), Ancylostoma caninum (12.50%), Isospora canis (12.50%), and Giardia sp. (10.57%). Helminths represented 55.76% of the cases, compared to 44.23% for protozoa. These results reveal a concerning epidemiological situation that requires urgent intervention. The study highlights the absence of specific Algerian legislation requiring dog owners to collect their animals’ feces, unlike in other countries (USA, United Kingdom...). It is therefore recommended to establish a clear legal framework, strengthen awareness of canine hygiene, combat the proliferation of stray dogs, promote cooperation between doctors and veterinarians, and implement both collective and individual preventive measures to limit the spread of parasitic pathogens in urban settings