Understanding coeliac disease in Guelma: A cross sectional study assessment of prevalence, risk factors and management

Abstract

The present work is a cross-sectional study conducted in Guelma province over a period of two months (February and March 2025). It aims to assess the prevalence of coeliac disease, the influencing factors, and management strategies. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and awareness of the disease. The study included 300 participants from diverse age groups and both genders, with data gathered from various locations, including local universities, parks, main streets, and well-known retail stores, providing a comprehensive overview of the disease in the region. The results indicate that 9.33%( 95% CI 6.29 - 13.21) of participants were diagnosed with coeliac disease, with the most affected age group being 9–17 years. Several risk factors were identified, including genetic predisposition (HLA-DQ2/DQ8), nutritional deficiencies, and limited access to gluten-free products. Additionally, modifiable factors such as low awareness of gluten sources and dietary challenges were found to contribute to disease management difficulties. These findings highlight the importance of early screening and dietary intervention to prevent complications such as osteoporosis, anemia, and intestinal malignancies. Public health strategies should focus on raising awareness, improving access to gluten-free products, and enhancing diagnostic capabilities to support affected individuals