Fantasy and Politics in J.R.R Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings

Abstract

This dissertation explores the intersection of fantasy literature and politics in J.R.R. Tolkien's trilogy, The Lord of the Rings (1955). It aims to uncover how these dimensions interact to form the concept of “political fantasy." This paper investigates the historical evolution of fantasy literature and navigates the challenges of defining the genre. The research discusses Tolkien's contributions, particularly his theories of Sub-creation and fairy-stories. It analyzes the fantastic nature of his masterpiece, examining his masterful world-building and the foundation of his mythical realm. This dissertation shows how the novel reflects post-war Britain and to what extent the imaginary world mirrors the political scene of that time. It sheds light on dominant socio-political ideologies such as Marxism and conservatism, addressing the political allegories in the narrative and assessing the presentation of power dynamics. Relying on an eclectic approach and drawing on critical works by Karl Marx, Edmund Burke, Colin Manlove, and others, this work seeks to prove that fantasy literature is authentic in its core. It brings the reader from the fictional world back to reality, inspired by new marvels and insights. This study underscores the relevance of fantasy literature as a medium for serious political discourse. By constructing a bridge between imaginative narratives and real ideologies, it offers new perspectives on the role literature plays in reflecting and challenging societal values and ideology.