A smart self-controlled cleaning system for PV panels « CleanRayX »

Abstract

This thesis addresses the efficiency loss in photovoltaic solar panels due to dust accumulation, particularly in arid regions like Algeria. It begins with an overview of renewable energy sources, focusing on solar energy and the environmental challenges that impact its performance. A detailed analysis of dust’s effect on solar panel efficiency is provided, followed by a comprehensive review of existing cleaning methods, including manual, robotic, and electrostatic systems. The core contribution of this work is the development of CleanRayX, an autonomous, intelligent cleaning system designed to detect dust accumulation and clean solar panels without human intervention. The system integrates various sensors—light-dependent resistors, ultrasonic sensors, and rain detectors—with microcontrollers (ESP32-WROVER and ESP32CAM)

to perform efficient, condition-based cleaning. Simulations and real-world testing demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution in maintaining high energy output under varying environmental conditions. The study concludes that CleanRayX is a promising tool for enhancing solar energy sustainability in dusty climates.