Résumé:
Medical errors have historically posed challenges to physicians, particularly in Arab civilizations before and after Islam. This study examines how different civilizations addressed medical malpractice. The research employs a historical-analytical approach, analyzing legal and ethical responses across various eras.
Findings indicate that Pharaonic Egypt exempted priests from penalties, while non-priests faced execution. Mesopotamian laws varied punishments, including amputation. Maghreb civilizations imposed no sanctions due to the sacred status of temple physicians. Pre-Islamic Arabs attributed errors to fate. Islam later established legal accountability, introducing ethical and legal consequences for medical errors.
