https://dspace.univ-guelma.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/44 Sat, 25 Apr 2026 00:40:24 GMT 2026-04-25T00:40:24Z https://dspace.univ-guelma.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/18993 Titre: Interest Groups and Political Lobbying: Auteur(s): MAASSEM, Mohamed Yacine Résumé: This study investigates the role of interest groups and political lobbying in shaping U.S. domestic policy during Barack Obama’s presidency (2009–2016). Despite Obama’s campaign rhetoric against lobbyists and his administration’s efforts to curb their influence through executive orders and regulatory reforms, lobbying persisted as a powerful force in American politics. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research examines lobbying strategies and campaign finance patterns across key policy areas, including healthcare, financial regulation, climate change, education, and immigration. Special attention is given to the transformative impact of judicial decisions such as Citizens United v. FEC (2010), which redefined the legal framework of political spending. The study demonstrates how interest groups adapted to new regulatory landscapes, employing both direct and indirect strategies to maintain influence over legislation and policymaking. Findings reveal enduring tensions between public policy objectives and private interests, underscoring the structural limits of executive action in restraining entrenched lobbying practices. Ultimately, the current work argues that lobbying remains a constitutionally protected but deeply contested feature of American democracy. Effective regulation, therefore, requires continuous institutional reform to balance democratic accountability with the competing pressures of organized interests. Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://dspace.univ-guelma.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/18993 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.univ-guelma.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/18986 Titre: CONTEMPORARY WORD CIVILIZATIONS Auteur(s): Dekhakhena, Abdelkrim Mon, 16 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://dspace.univ-guelma.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/18986 2026-02-16T00:00:00Z https://dspace.univ-guelma.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/18537 Titre: The role of Memory and Relationality in the Construction of Black identities in Toni Morrison’s Beloved Auteur(s): Ziaita, Fedoua Résumé: This study aims at exploring the representation of the process of Black identity construction through memory and relationality in Toni Morrison’s Beloved. In light of postcolonial trauma theory framework, this dissertation analyzes how legacies of slavery such as; violence, dehumanization, displacement, exploitation, and cultural erasure shape fragmented individual and communal identities, relationality, memories, and collective trauma. Moreover, the analysis focuses on the intersection between memory and relationality, and their role in shaping the former slaves’ sense of self. This research investigates how Black characters, more specifically, former slaves, navigate the tension between remembering and forgetting to confront past traumatic experiences. Also, it examines the relational dynamics among characters to highlight that identity is not merely an individual construct. Ultimately, I argue that Morrison depicts trauma and healing in ways that align with postcolonial trauma theory, portraying how Black characters in Beloved work through suffering using traditional healing practices, storytelling, spirituality, and communal rituals. The novel thus is a narrative that depicts memory and relationality as vital mechanisms through which Black identities are built and understood in the aftermath of slavery. In the end, this study contends that Morrison illustrates identity not as a solitary endeavor but as one that is deeply rooted in communal and familial relationships, underscoring the necessity of relational healing in postcolonial contexts Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://dspace.univ-guelma.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/18537 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.univ-guelma.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/18467 Titre: Translating cultural references in childrens literature Auteur(s): Lina Manal DJEBAR, Ihab YAROU Résumé: Children’s literature is an important branch of literature, as it is intended for young readers, Therefore, translators must carefully consider the cultural knowledge, and background of their target audience, ensuring that Cultural references are treated appropriately. certain cultural elements exist in one language but do not exist in the same form in another, Aixela (1996) refers to them as culture-specific items (CSIs), in literary translation, one of the greatest challenges is dealing with these CSIs in the source text (ST) and to find suitable appropriate equivalents for them in the target language (TL) that accurately convey their cultural meaning. This thesis focuses on how cultural references are translated in children's literature, focusing on the obstacles that may arise when dealing with culture-specific items (CSIs), and how they are rendered for young readers. Emphasizing the main strategies employed by the translator, from English into Arabic. Examples are taken from a work of children's literature; Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll (1958) and its Arabic translation في أليس مغامرات العجائب بالد by Ameera Qaiwan (2003) as a case study, to analyze translation choices. Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://dspace.univ-guelma.dz/jspui/handle/123456789/18467 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z